Soft Soldering

Description

Soft Soldering is a method of joining metals with a Eutectic Tin/Lead Alloy and the heat source is often an Electric Soldering Iron but copper ‘irons’ heated with a gas torch may be needed for larger work.

Metals including copper, brass, lead, tin (inc. Tinplate) and steel are readily soldered but some metals, such as aluminium and cast iron, either require special solders or are not at all suitable to be joined in this way.

Using an Electric Soldering Iron

Soft Soldering with an Electric Soldering Iron is commonly the method used to fuse Electronics components on to circuit boards - multi-core solder wire which incorporates a ‘passive’ Flux is used (to avoid corrosion of the copper tracks afterwards). This method can be used also for other circumstances where only small sections of materials are to be joined (e.g. when joining the ends of the copper tape used to make a Terrarium or to join together the ‘H’ and ‘U’ shaped lead Cames when creating a piece of decorative Glasswork - although heavier section Cames may be heated more easily with a copper bit Soldering Irons heated by a gas torch).

A typical Soft Soldering technique using an Electric Soldering Iron is as follows :

• ensure all pieces to be joined are clean, either by using Emery Cloth, Pickling, or Steel Wool,
• The pieces are laid together then both Soldering Iron and multi-core Solder are brought to the joint together,
• on heating, the resin (aka Rosin), passive Flux melts out of the cored solder to cover the area and this is quickly followed by solder melting and flowing along the joint,
• separate pieces may be coated with a thin layer of solder before joining together - a process known as Tinning,
• if Tinned first, the separate pieces can often be brought together and simply touched with the heated Soldering Iron to fuse the two layers of solder together.

Soldering with a gas heated iron

There are tasks involving larger sections of conductive metals for which an Electric Soldering Iron might struggle to provide sufficient heat. There are circumstances also when better control can be exercised if additional heat can be applied with a gas torch and wet, ‘active’ Flux brushed along the joint to encourage the solder to run in particular directions. In each case, the presence of mains electricity is potentially dangerous and gas heated Soldering Irons are preferred. Such circumstances are commonplace when assembling components in Beaten Metalwork.

A typical Soft Soldering technique using gas heated Soldering Irons is as follows :

• ensure the pieces to be joined are clean and close fitting,
• apply Flux and assemble the joint - secure with wire or a Jig etc. if necessary,
• pre-heat the workpiece with a gas torch using a large soft Annealing flame,
• heat up the copper bit hand irons, on a Brazing Hearth for example, until a green flame is created,
• dip the Soldering Iron tip into Flux to clean it and ensure it is well Tinned,
• bring the heated Soldering Iron and Solder to the workpiece together and transfer Solder to the joint,
• if necessary, continue heating the workpiece with a gas torch and brush on more Flux to help the Solder flow along and through the joint (given a clean surface and the presence of Flux, Solder will ‘chase the heat’ and can be coaxed along in this way),
• allow to cool, remove any wire or Jigs etc., wash thoroughly and place in a Pickle Bath to clean.

Heating with a Gas Torch

It is possible, and often convenient when working with large pieces of conductive metals such as in Beaten Metalwork, to Solder without use of a Soldering Iron at all but simply bring the workpiece up to soldering heat and introduce Flux and Solder directly to the joint (in essence, the heated workpiece becomes the Soldering Iron).

The soldering process is broadly as follows:

• ensure the pieces to be joined are clean and close fitting,
• apply Flux (an ‘active’ liquid Flux such as Bakers Fluid will withstand the heat of the torch and can continue to be brushed on the joint as it is heated),
• assemble the joint - secure with wire or a Jig etc. if necessary,
• set the gas torch to produce a large, soft Annealing flame and heat the workpiece generally,
• intensify the flame and focus in on the area to joined,
• introduce Solder to the workpiece,
• if necessary, continue heating the workpiece with a gas torch and brush on more Flux to help the Solder flow along and through the joint (given a clean surface and the presence of Flux, Solder will ‘chase the heat’ and can be coaxed along in this way),
• allow to cool, remove any wire or Jigs etc., wash thoroughly and place in a Pickle Bath to clean.

It is sometimes convenient to pre-coat the pieces to be joined with a thin layer of solder first (a process known as Tinning), let them cool, clean them, re-assemble the joint with Flux and re-heat to fuse the layers together. This is known as a Sweated Joint.

Gas torches are also used to produce Sweated Joints as follows:

• ensure the pieces to be joined are clean and close fitting,
• apply Flux (when joining water pipes a water based Flux is advised which will wash out afterwards) and Tin the jointing surfaces by applying a thin layer of solder (Yorkshire Fittings, as used by plumbers, have a solder ring built-in for this purpose),
• allow to cool, clean and re-apply Flux to the joint pieces,
• assemble the joint - secure with wire or a Jig etc. if necessary,
• set the gas torch to produce a large, soft Annealing flame and heat the workpiece generally,
• intensify the flame and focus in on the area to joined,
• if necessary, continue heating the workpiece with a gas torch and brush on more Flux to help the Solder flow along and through the joint (given a clean surface and the presence of Flux, Solder will ‘chase the heat’ and can be coaxed along in this way - e.g. Solder will appear around the end of a Yorkshire Fittings having been drawn there by heat and Capillary Action ),
• allow to cool, remove any wire or Jigs etc., wash thoroughly and clean.

DT Online Buyers' Guide

Soldering Iron Station	Multicore Solder	LED Magnifier with Clamps and Soldering Stand	Soldering Mat	Soldering Flux	Soft Solder	Bakers Soldering Fluid	Solder Flux Brushes	Gas Soldering & Brazing Torch