Alloy - Revision history

DT Online at 22:53, 26 April 2018

2018-04-26T22:53:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:53, 26 April 2018
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	[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]		[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages\|Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwick, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages\|Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwick, refers to: ''"an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . "''.

DT Online at 22:46, 26 April 2018

2018-04-26T22:46:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:46, 26 April 2018
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	[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]		[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages\|Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, ~~Warwiick~~, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages\|Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwick, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.

DT Online at 18:33, 26 April 2018

2018-04-26T18:33:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:33, 26 April 2018
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	[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]		[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages\|Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwiick, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages\|Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwiick, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.


	======Solders======		======Solders======

DT Online at 18:30, 26 April 2018

2018-04-26T18:30:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:30, 26 April 2018
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	[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]		[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages\|Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwiick, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages\|Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwiick, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.
	[
	======Solders======		======Solders======

DT Online at 18:28, 26 April 2018

2018-04-26T18:28:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:28, 26 April 2018
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	[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]		[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwiick, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages\|Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwiick, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.
	[		[
	======Solders======		======Solders======

DT Online: Added Latten

2018-04-26T18:26:26Z

Added Latten

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:26, 26 April 2018
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	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunmetal '''Gunmetal'''] is a '''Bronze''' used originally to make guns. It casts well and is used to make valves and fittings for steam and hydraulics.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunmetal '''Gunmetal'''] is a '''Bronze''' used originally to make guns. It casts well and is used to make valves and fittings for steam and hydraulics.

	======Solders======		[[File:Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church.jpg\|200px\|right\|Richard de Beauchamp effigy Warwick Church\|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick]]
			* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latten '''Latten'''] is a term used in the '''[[Middle Ages]]''' and up to the early 19th Century as a general description of '''Copper-based Alloys'''. It was a type of '''Brass''' made into thin sheets and used for decorative metalwork and embellishment. The [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m_rHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT73&lpg=PT73&dq=latten+plate&source=bl&ots=nTTaPHvA1x&sig=KkbIE7kZsLegRW131SS4AuhHGiI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK8NTEwdjaAhWLJ8AKHcPbAQ8Q6AEIdDAL#v=onepage&q=latten%20plate&f=false contract for making the effigy] of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Beauchamp,_13th_Earl_of_Warwick Richard Beauchamp (1382-1489) the Earl of Warwick], which can be seen on his tomb in St Mary's Church, Warwiick, refers to: ''an image of a man armed, of fine '''latten''', garnished with certain ornaments, viz., with sword, dagger, garter, helm, crest under his head, at his feet a bear muzzled and a gryphon, perfectly made of the finest '''latten''' . . . ''.
			[
			======Solders======

	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Hard_solder '''Solders'''] are '''Alloys''' used to join metals together. They are chosen to have a lower melting point than the metals to be joined so that, when heated, they can flow into the joint ''(and be ‘drawn’ into tight joints by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action '''Capillary Action'''])''. '''Solders''' are often also a '''[[Eutectic Alloy]]''' which means the proportions of the contributing elements are such that the '''Alloy''' solidifies quickly and at the lowest temperature.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Hard_solder '''Solders'''] are '''Alloys''' used to join metals together. They are chosen to have a lower melting point than the metals to be joined so that, when heated, they can flow into the joint ''(and be ‘drawn’ into tight joints by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action '''Capillary Action'''])''. '''Solders''' are often also a '''[[Eutectic Alloy]]''' which means the proportions of the contributing elements are such that the '''Alloy''' solidifies quickly and at the lowest temperature.

DT Online at 16:24, 26 April 2018

2018-04-26T16:24:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 26 April 2018
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	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_steel '''Tool Steel'''] has a '''Carbon''' content of between 0.5% and 1.5%. This amount of '''Carbon''' can only be held in solution with '''Iron''' at a high temperature which, if cooled or quenched suddenly, is ‘frozen’ in solution to create material too '''[[Hardness\|Hard]]''' and '''[[Brittleness\|Brittle]]''' for most purposes. The process of '''[[Heat_Treatment#Hardening_and_Tempering\|Tempering]]''' allows some '''Carbon''' to diffuse out and controls the balance between '''[[Hardness]]''' and '''[[Toughness]]''' to make products ranging from wood chisels to clock springs.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_steel '''Tool Steel'''] has a '''Carbon''' content of between 0.5% and 1.5%. This amount of '''Carbon''' can only be held in solution with '''Iron''' at a high temperature which, if cooled or quenched suddenly, is ‘frozen’ in solution to create material too '''[[Hardness\|Hard]]''' and '''[[Brittleness\|Brittle]]''' for most purposes. The process of '''[[Heat_Treatment#Hardening_and_Tempering\|Tempering]]''' allows some '''Carbon''' to diffuse out and controls the balance between '''[[Hardness]]''' and '''[[Toughness]]''' to make products ranging from wood chisels to clock springs.

	[[File:~~Cuisinart-mcp-12n-review~~.~~png~~\|200px\|right\|~~Cuisinart-mcp-12n-review~~]]		[[File:Steel stock pans.jpg\|200px\|right\|Steel stock pans]]
	:* The addition of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium '''Chromium'''] to steel produces [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel '''Stainless Steel'''] which has many applications where high strength and resistance to corrosion is required. The once commonly seen grade '''18/8 Stainless Steel''' ''(now known as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAE_steel_grades#Stainless_steel 403 grade])'', used for utensils, cutlery and cookware commonly found in kitchens everywhere, indicates that the steel contains 18% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium '''Chromium'''] for greater strength and 8% nickel to improve its sheen or polish.		:* The addition of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium '''Chromium'''] to steel produces [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel '''Stainless Steel'''] which has many applications where high strength and resistance to corrosion is required. The once commonly seen grade '''18/8 Stainless Steel''' ''(now known as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAE_steel_grades#Stainless_steel 403 grade])'', used for utensils, cutlery and cookware commonly found in kitchens everywhere, indicates that the steel contains 18% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium '''Chromium'''] for greater strength and 8% nickel to improve its sheen or polish.
	[[File:Brass-instrument-keys-2759.jpg\|200px\|right\|Brass-instrument-keys-2759]]		[[File:Brass-instrument-keys-2759.jpg\|200px\|right\|Brass-instrument-keys-2759]]

DT Online at 13:48, 21 March 2017

2017-03-21T13:48:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:48, 21 March 2017
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	======Solders======		======Solders======

	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Hard_solder '''Solders'''] are '''Alloys''' used to join metals together. They are chosen to have a lower melting point than the metals to be joined so that, when heated, they can flow into the joint ''(and be ‘drawn’ into tight joints by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action '''Capillary Action'''])''. '''Solders''' are often also ~~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectic_system~~ '''Eutectic ~~Alloys~~'''] which means the proportions of the contributing elements are such that the '''Alloy''' solidifies quickly.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Hard_solder '''Solders'''] are '''Alloys''' used to join metals together. They are chosen to have a lower melting point than the metals to be joined so that, when heated, they can flow into the joint ''(and be ‘drawn’ into tight joints by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action '''Capillary Action'''])''. '''Solders''' are often also a '''[[Eutectic Alloy]]''' which means the proportions of the contributing elements are such that the '''Alloy''' solidifies quickly and at the lowest temperature.
	[[File:Solder them2.JPG\|200px\|right\|Solder them2]]		[[File:Solder them2.JPG\|200px\|right\|Solder them2]]

DT Online at 09:49, 14 March 2017

2017-03-14T09:49:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:49, 14 March 2017
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	[[File:ShipPropellor.JPG\|200px\|right\|ShipPropellor]]		[[File:ShipPropellor.JPG\|200px\|right\|ShipPropellor]]
	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphor_bronze '''Phosphor Bronze'''] has 0.01-0.35% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus '''Phosphorus'''] which increases wear resistance and stiffness of the '''Alloy'''. It has a low [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction#Coefficient_of_friction coefficient] of friction making it a good material for bearings. It casts well and is used also to make ships' propellers.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphor_bronze '''Phosphor Bronze'''] has 0.01-0.35% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus '''Phosphorus'''] which increases wear resistance and stiffness of the '''Alloy'''. It has a low [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction#Coefficient_of_friction coefficient of friction] making it a good material for bearings. It casts well and is used also to make ships' propellers.

	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunmetal '''Gunmetal'''] is a '''Bronze''' used originally to make guns. It casts well and is used to make valves and fittings for steam and hydraulics.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunmetal '''Gunmetal'''] is a '''Bronze''' used originally to make guns. It casts well and is used to make valves and fittings for steam and hydraulics.

DT Online at 13:37, 11 March 2017

2017-03-11T13:37:51Z

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	* Small amounts of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon '''Carbon'''] produce a range of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel '''Steels'''] and thus, '''Steel''' can be seen to be an '''Alloy''' of '''Iron''' and '''Carbon'''.		* Small amounts of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon '''Carbon'''] produce a range of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel '''Steels'''] and thus, '''Steel''' can be seen to be an '''Alloy''' of '''Iron''' and '''Carbon'''.

	:* '''Mild Steel''' ''(aka Low Carbon and Medium Carbon Steel)'' has a ~~carbon~~ content of less than 0.5% but ~~this is~~ sufficient '''[[Strength of Materials\|Strength]]''', '''[[Malleability]]''' and '''[[Ductility]]''' for most common purposes.		:* '''Mild Steel''' ''(aka Low Carbon and Medium Carbon Steel)'' has a '''Carbon''' content of less than around 0.5%. This is not enough to enable to be '''[[Heat_Treatment#Hardening_and_Tempering\|Hardened and Tempered]]''' but it has sufficient '''[[Strength of Materials\|Strength]]''', '''[[Malleability]]''' and '''[[Ductility]]''' for most common purposes.

	[[File:Carving tools 2.jpg\|200px\|right\|Carving tools 2]]		[[File:Carving tools 2.jpg\|200px\|right\|Carving tools 2]]
	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_steel '''Tool Steel'''] has a ~~carbon~~ content of between 0.5% and 1.5%. This amount of ~~carbon~~ can only be held in solution with '''Iron''' at a high temperature which, if cooled or quenched suddenly, is ‘frozen’ in solution to create material too '''[[Hardness\|Hard]]''' and '''[[Brittleness\|Brittle]]''' for most purposes. The process of '''[[Heat_Treatment#Hardening_and_Tempering\|Tempering]]''' allows some '''Carbon''' to diffuse out and controls the balance between '''[[Hardness]]''' and '''[[Toughness]]''' to make products ranging from wood chisels to clock springs.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool_steel '''Tool Steel'''] has a '''Carbon''' content of between 0.5% and 1.5%. This amount of '''Carbon''' can only be held in solution with '''Iron''' at a high temperature which, if cooled or quenched suddenly, is ‘frozen’ in solution to create material too '''[[Hardness\|Hard]]''' and '''[[Brittleness\|Brittle]]''' for most purposes. The process of '''[[Heat_Treatment#Hardening_and_Tempering\|Tempering]]''' allows some '''Carbon''' to diffuse out and controls the balance between '''[[Hardness]]''' and '''[[Toughness]]''' to make products ranging from wood chisels to clock springs.

	[[File:Cuisinart-mcp-12n-review.png\|200px\|right\|Cuisinart-mcp-12n-review]]		[[File:Cuisinart-mcp-12n-review.png\|200px\|right\|Cuisinart-mcp-12n-review]]
	:* The addition of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium '''Chromium'''] to steel produces [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel '''Stainless Steel'''] which has many applications where high strength and resistance to corrosion is required. The once commonly seen grade '''18/8 Stainless Steel''' ''(now known as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAE_steel_grades#Stainless_steel 403 grade])'', used for utensils, cutlery and cookware commonly found in kitchens everywhere, indicates that the steel contains 18 ~~percent~~ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium '''Chromium'''] for greater strength and 8 ~~percent~~ nickel to improve its sheen or polish.		:* The addition of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium '''Chromium'''] to steel produces [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel '''Stainless Steel'''] which has many applications where high strength and resistance to corrosion is required. The once commonly seen grade '''18/8 Stainless Steel''' ''(now known as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAE_steel_grades#Stainless_steel 403 grade])'', used for utensils, cutlery and cookware commonly found in kitchens everywhere, indicates that the steel contains 18% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium '''Chromium'''] for greater strength and 8% nickel to improve its sheen or polish.
	[[File:Brass-instrument-keys-2759.jpg\|200px\|right\|Brass-instrument-keys-2759]]		[[File:Brass-instrument-keys-2759.jpg\|200px\|right\|Brass-instrument-keys-2759]]

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	[[File:Antique Cherub or Cupid Pinchbeck Locket3.JPG\|200px\|right\|Pinchbeck locket]]		[[File:Antique Cherub or Cupid Pinchbeck Locket3.JPG\|200px\|right\|Pinchbeck locket]]
	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''Gilding Metal'''] is a type of '''Brass''' comprising 95% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''Copper'''] and only 5% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc '''Zinc''']. These proportions give the '''Alloy''' a deeper, more golden, colour ~~- hence its name~~. It is used for decorative metalwork, goblets and plates ''(often [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plated_ware silver-plated] on completion)'', and as a low-cost training material for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmiths'''].		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''Gilding Metal'''] is a type of '''Brass''' comprising 95% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''Copper'''] and only 5% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc '''Zinc''']. These proportions give the '''Alloy''' a deeper, more golden, colour. It is used for decorative metalwork, goblets and plates ''(often [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plated_ware silver-plated] on completion)'', and as a low-cost training material for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmiths'''].

	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alloy) '''Pinchbeck'''] is a '''Brass''' in which the proportions of '''Copper''' and '''Zinc''' are chosen to result in a colour very close to '''Gold'''. Another ''''Faux Gold'''' is '''Prince’s Metal''' which is also a '''Brass''' mixed to resemble '''Gold'''.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alloy) '''Pinchbeck'''] is a '''Brass''' in which the proportions of '''Copper''' and '''Zinc''' are chosen to result in a colour very close to '''Gold'''. Another ''''Faux Gold'''' is '''Prince’s Metal''' which is also a '''Brass''' mixed to resemble '''Gold'''.
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	[[File:ShipPropellor.JPG\|200px\|right\|ShipPropellor]]		[[File:ShipPropellor.JPG\|200px\|right\|ShipPropellor]]
	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphor_bronze '''Phosphor Bronze'''] has 0.01-0.35% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus '''Phosphorus'''] which increases wear resistance and stiffness of the '''Alloy'''. It has a coefficient of friction making it a good material for bearings. It casts well and is used also to make ~~ship~~'s propellers.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphor_bronze '''Phosphor Bronze'''] has 0.01-0.35% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus '''Phosphorus'''] which increases wear resistance and stiffness of the '''Alloy'''. It has a low [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction#Coefficient_of_friction coefficient] of friction making it a good material for bearings. It casts well and is used also to make ships' propellers.

	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunmetal '''Gunmetal'''] is a '''Bronze''' used originally to make guns. It casts well and is used to make valves and fittings for steam and hydraulics.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunmetal '''Gunmetal'''] is a '''Bronze''' used originally to make guns. It casts well and is used to make valves and fittings for steam and hydraulics.
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	======Solders======		======Solders======

	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Hard_solder '''Solders'''] are '''Alloys''' used to join metals together. They chosen to have a lower melting point than the metals to be joined so that, when heated, they can flow into the joint ''(and be ‘drawn’ into tight joints by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action '''Capillary Action'''])''. '''Solders''' are often also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectic_system '''Eutectic Alloys'''] which means the proportions of the contributing elements are such that the '''Alloy''' solidifies quickly.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Hard_solder '''Solders'''] are '''Alloys''' used to join metals together. They are chosen to have a lower melting point than the metals to be joined so that, when heated, they can flow into the joint ''(and be ‘drawn’ into tight joints by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action '''Capillary Action'''])''. '''Solders''' are often also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectic_system '''Eutectic Alloys'''] which means the proportions of the contributing elements are such that the '''Alloy''' solidifies quickly.
	[[File:Solder them2.JPG\|200px\|right\|Solder them2]]		[[File:Solder them2.JPG\|200px\|right\|Solder them2]]

	:* Ordinary [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder '''Soft Solder'''], as used for making electrical connections, is an '''Alloy''' of approximately 60% Tin and 40% lead but [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Lead-free_solder '''Lead Free Solder'''] is now available for use where there are Health and Safety concerns with regard to the ~~high~~ '''Lead''' content.		:* Ordinary [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder '''Soft Solder'''], as used for making electrical connections, is an '''Alloy''' of approximately 60% Tin and 40% lead but [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Lead-free_solder '''Lead Free Solder'''] is now available for use where there are Health and Safety concerns with regard to the '''Lead''' content.

	:* The once used [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Lead_solder '''Plumbers Solder'''] had 50% '''Lead''' content which made it very useful for ‘wiping lead joints’ because it solidified slowly, giving time for the joint to be shaped, but '''Lead''' pipes are no longer used for plumbing because of the danger or '''Lead''' poisoning.		:* The once used [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solder#Lead_solder '''Plumbers Solder'''] had 50% '''Lead''' content which made it very useful for ‘wiping lead joints’ because it solidified slowly, giving time for the joint to be shaped, but '''Lead''' pipes are no longer used for plumbing because of the danger or '''Lead''' poisoning.
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	[[File:Black diamond alloy wheels.jpg\|200px\|right\|Black diamond alloy wheels]]		[[File:Black diamond alloy wheels.jpg\|200px\|right\|Black diamond alloy wheels]]
	: Pure '''Aluminium''' is lightweight, resistant to corrosion, '''[[Ductility\|Ductile]]''', and '''[[Malleability\|Malleable]]''' but quite soft and low strength. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy '''Aluminium Alloys'''] are designed to improve strength, casting or working properties, ~~and~~ to make the material heat-treatable.		: Pure '''Aluminium''' is lightweight, resistant to corrosion, '''[[Ductility\|Ductile]]''', and '''[[Malleability\|Malleable]]''' but quite soft and low strength. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy '''Aluminium Alloys'''] are designed to improve strength, casting and working properties, or to make the material heat-treatable.

	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duralumin '''Duralumin'''] was one of the earliest '''Aluminium Alloys''' comprising '''Aluminium''' with 4% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''Copper'''] and small amounts of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese#Aluminium_alloys '''Manganese'''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium#Uses_as_a_metal '''Magnesium''']. It is no longer a trade name but used instead as a general description for '''Aluminium–Copper Alloys'''.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duralumin '''Duralumin'''] was one of the earliest '''Aluminium Alloys''' comprising '''Aluminium''' with 4% [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''Copper'''] and small amounts of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese#Aluminium_alloys '''Manganese'''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium#Uses_as_a_metal '''Magnesium''']. It is no longer a trade name but used instead as a general description for '''Aluminium–Copper Alloys'''.
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	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_metal '''White Metal'''] is a classification covering a range of light-coloured '''Alloys'''. The term is used by antique dealers to describe a variety of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableware tableware] and other non-silver ornaments or novelties. It describes also any of several '''Lead-based''' or '''Tin-based''' alloys used for things like bearings and small '''Zinc-based''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_casting#Cast_metal '''Die Cast'''] components for example.		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_metal '''White Metal'''] is a classification covering a range of light-coloured '''Alloys'''. The term is used by antique dealers to describe a variety of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableware tableware] and other non-silver ornaments or novelties. It describes also any of several '''Lead-based''' or '''Tin-based''' alloys used for things like bearings and small '''Zinc-based''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_casting#Cast_metal '''Die Cast'''] components for example.

	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_metal '''Type Metal'''] is the '''Lead-based Alloy''' used to make [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting hot metal type] used in printing. ''(<span style="color: green">'''Note:'''The metal type was traditionally held in compartmented cases ready for selection and use with capitals ~~shelved~~ above ~~the~~ small ~~letters~~ - hence ‘upper-case’ and ‘lower case’ letters!</span>)''.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_metal '''Type Metal'''] is the '''Lead-based Alloy''' used to make [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting hot metal type] used in printing. ''(<span style="color: green">'''Note:'''The metal type was traditionally held in compartmented cases ready for selection and use with capitals placed above their small letter equivalents - hence ‘upper-case’ and ‘lower case’ letters!</span>)''.

	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewter '''Pewter'''] may have been used as far back as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age Bronze Age] and became used extensively in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages Middle Ages] to produce [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableware tableware], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloware holloware] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_(dishware) plateware]. Its use declined with the development of mass-produced ceramics and glass, which now largely replace it.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewter '''Pewter'''] may have been used as far back as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age Bronze Age] and became used extensively in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages Middle Ages] to produce [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableware tableware], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloware holloware] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_(dishware) plateware]. Its use declined with the development of mass-produced ceramics and glass, which now largely replace it.

	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_metal '''Britannia Metal'''] is a refined type if '''Pewter''' developed in the second half of the 18th century ~~and~~ became widely used as the base metal for silver-plating following the invention of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplating '''Electro-plating''']		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_metal '''Britannia Metal'''] is a refined type of '''Pewter''' developed in the second half of the 18th century. It became widely used as the base metal for silver-plating following the invention of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplating '''Electro-plating''']

	:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamak '''Mazak'''] is a trade name for '''Zinc-based Alloy''' which can be used for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_casting#Cast_metal '''Die Cast'''] components for example. '''Kayem''' is the trade name for a similar '''Alloy''' which is easy to cast close to the finished form required.		:* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamak '''Mazak'''] is a trade name for '''Zinc-based Alloy''' which can be used for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_casting#Cast_metal '''Die Cast'''] components for example. '''Kayem''' is the trade name for a similar '''Alloy''' which is easy to cast close to the finished form required.