Early Surveying - Revision history

DT Online at 14:50, 15 March 2021

2021-03-15T14:50:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:50, 15 March 2021
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	[[Category:Primary]]		[[Category:Primary]]
			[[Category:Topics, Projects and Tasks]]
	[[Category:Topics]]		[[Category:Topics]]
	[[Category:Measuring and Surveying]]		[[Category:Measuring and Surveying]]

DT Online at 08:47, 12 March 2021

2021-03-12T08:47:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:47, 12 March 2021
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	<span style="color: blue">'''Activity:'''</span>		<span style="color: blue">'''Activity:'''</span>
	* <span style="color: blue">Select and mark a starting point in an open space such as a playing field. Count 10 of your own '''Paces''' and mark where you get to. Use a measuring tape to find ~~how~~ how far you have travelled.</span>		* <span style="color: blue">Select and mark a starting point in an open space such as a playing field. Count 10 of your own '''Paces''' and mark where you get to. Use a measuring tape to find out how far you have travelled.</span>
	** <span style="color: blue">How far would you have travelled after 1000 '''Paces'''?</span>		** <span style="color: blue">How far would you have travelled after 1000 '''Paces'''?</span>
	** <span style="color: blue">How many '''Paces''' would you have to complete to travel an old '''Mile''' as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centurion\|'''Roman Centurions'''] once did?</span>		** <span style="color: blue">How many '''Paces''' would you have to complete to travel an old '''Mile''' as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centurion\|'''Roman Centurions'''] once did?</span>

DT Online at 08:46, 12 March 2021

2021-03-12T08:46:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:46, 12 March 2021
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	The word '''Mile''' comes from the Latin '''mille''', meaning thousand, and a mile was 1,000 [[:Category:The Romans\|'''Roman''']] ~~paces~~ as measured by every other step - i.e. the total distance of the left foot hitting the ground 1,000 times. It is thought that, as the [[:Category:The Romans\|'''Romans''']] explored new lands, the marching armies would often push a carved stick in the ground after each 1,000 ~~paces~~. At about the year 1500 the '''Old London Mile''' was defined as eight '''Furlongs''' (furlong = 660 feet). A '''Mile''' is equal to '''5,280 Feet''' or '''1,760 Yards''' or approximately '''1,609 Meters'''.		The word '''Mile''' comes from the Latin '''mille''', meaning thousand, and a mile was 1,000 [[:Category:The Romans\|'''Roman''']] '''Paces''' as measured by every other step - i.e. the total distance of the left foot hitting the ground 1,000 times. It is thought that, as the [[:Category:The Romans\|'''Romans''']] explored new lands, the marching armies would often push a carved stick in the ground after each 1,000 '''Paces'''. At about the year 1500 the '''Old London Mile''' was defined as eight '''Furlongs''' (furlong = 660 feet). A '''Mile''' is equal to '''5,280 Feet''' or '''1,760 Yards''' or approximately '''1,609 Meters'''.

			----
			<span style="color: blue">'''Activity:'''</span>
			* <span style="color: blue">Select and mark a starting point in an open space such as a playing field. Count 10 of your own '''Paces''' and mark where you get to. Use a measuring tape to find how how far you have travelled.</span>
			** <span style="color: blue">How far would you have travelled after 1000 '''Paces'''?</span>
			** <span style="color: blue">How many '''Paces''' would you have to complete to travel an old '''Mile''' as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centurion\|'''Roman Centurions'''] once did?</span>
			----

DT Online at 08:27, 12 March 2021

2021-03-12T08:27:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:27, 12 March 2021
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	__TOC__		__TOC__

	It is believed that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge\|'''Stone Henge'''] would have been set out using ropes and pegs and so '''Surveying''' can be thought of as a very ancient craft. Certainly '''Surveying''' was very important in '''[[Ancient Egyptian Surveying\|Ancient Egypt]]''' both to establish land ownership and to mark out the '''[[Ancient Egyptian Survey Tools\|Pyramids]]''' for example.		It is believed that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge\|'''Stone Henge'''] would have been set out using ropes and pegs and so [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying\|\|'''Surveying'''] can be thought of as a very ancient craft. Certainly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying\|\|'''Surveying'''] was very important in '''[[Ancient Egyptian Surveying\|Ancient Egypt]]''' both to establish land ownership and to mark out the '''[[Ancient Egyptian Survey Tools\|Pyramids]]''' for example.

DT Online: Created page with "right TOC It is believed that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge|'''Stone Henge'''] would have been set out using ropes and pegs and..."

2021-03-11T14:03:59Z

Created page with "400px|right __TOC__ It is believed that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge|'''Stone Henge'''] would have been set out using ropes and pegs and..."

New page

[[File:UsingGroma.png|400px|right]]
__TOC__

It is believed that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge|'''Stone Henge'''] would have been set out using ropes and pegs and so '''Surveying''' can be thought of as a very ancient craft. Certainly '''Surveying''' was very important in '''[[Ancient Egyptian Surveying|Ancient Egypt]]''' both to establish land ownership and to mark out the '''[[Ancient Egyptian Survey Tools|Pyramids]]''' for example.

[[File:Furlong.png|500px|right]]
In '''[[:Category:Middle Ages|Medieval England]]''' the land was owned by the Lord of the Manor and allocated to families for farming in the form of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge_and_furrow|'''Strips''']. Each strip was the length a team of oxen could pull a plough before needing to rest and their width was the distance needed to turn the oxen and plough around to plough in the return direction. ''['''DT Online:''' rather than returning alongside the previous furrow, it seems possible that two adjacent Strips may have been ploughed together - up one Strip and down the other a Strip width away.]''

This process led to the establishment of agreed land measurements probably based on the '''Roman''' [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_(unit)#:~:text=The%20name%20perch%20derives%20from,still%20utilized%20in%20national%20armies.|'''Perch''' or '''Rod'''] since this was so well established by then it was impractical to change it.

[[File:Medievalplowingwoodcut2.png|400px|right]]
A '''Rod''', '''Pole''' or '''Perch''' is a length measurement (about 5 metres) which was used in land measurement during the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]]''' but no longer in widespread use. It is possible that the name comes from the need for a Ploughman to have a long stick with which to control oxen but it is also a similar size to military [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike_(weapon)|Pikes] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_weapon|Pole Weapons] used both by the '''[[:Category:The Romans|Romans]]''' and during the '''[[:Category:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]]'''.

[[File:GuntersChain2.png|200px|right]]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-field_system|'''Medieval Strips'''] for farming were 4 '''Rods''' wide which gave the Oxen enough space to turn round and start the next '''Furrow''' without travelling an unnecessary distance. This measurement became known as a '''Chain''' and was established as a unit of length equal to 66 feet (22 yards). ''['''DT Online:''' Perhaps there was some association with the length of plough chains?]''

In 1620, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter%27s_chain|'''Edmund Gunter'''] developed an actual measuring chain of 100 links, with brass marker tags every 10 links, and early surveyors used this metal chain, laid out with the help of a compass, to draw plans of areas of land. Although no longer in common use, cricket pitches are still a '''Chain''' (22 yards) long and the distances along a railway are still known as '''Chainage''' – although now measured in metres.

[[File:ELRPlate.png|100px|right]]
This railway distance marker is found under a bridge at Feltham railway station for example. '''RDG1''' is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer%27s_Line_Reference|'''Engineer's Line Reference (ELR)'''] identifying the railway line from Waterloo to Wokingham Junction and gives the distance from Waterloo in '''Miles''' and '''Chains'''. Each distance marker is unique so any location on the railway network can be found using a combination of ELR and mileage.

A farming strip of land was set to the length of a plough furrow at 10 '''Chains''' (220 yards). Strips were a '''furrow-long''' or '''Furlong''', which is a term still used in horse racing today. Each strip was therefore a '''furrow-long''' and a '''Chain''' wide giving it an area of 220 yards x 22 yards which is the measure of an '''Acre''' (4840 square yards) – ie about half the size of a football pitch. In the UK, the use of the '''Acre''' as the primary unit for land registration was officially replaced by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectare|'''Hectare'''] on 1 January 2010.
[[File:Pace.png|200px|right]]

The word '''Mile''' comes from the Latin '''mille''', meaning thousand, and a mile was 1,000 [[:Category:The Romans|'''Roman''']] paces as measured by every other step - i.e. the total distance of the left foot hitting the ground 1,000 times. It is thought that, as the [[:Category:The Romans|'''Romans''']] explored new lands, the marching armies would often push a carved stick in the ground after each 1,000 paces. At about the year 1500 the '''Old London Mile''' was defined as eight '''Furlongs''' (furlong = 660 feet). A '''Mile''' is equal to '''5,280 Feet''' or '''1,760 Yards''' or approximately '''1,609 Meters'''.

[[Category:Primary]]
[[Category:Topics]]
[[Category:Measuring and Surveying]]

Early Surveying - Revision history

DT Online at 14:50, 15 March 2021

DT Online at 08:47, 12 March 2021

DT Online at 08:46, 12 March 2021

DT Online at 08:27, 12 March 2021

DT Online: Created page with "right __TOC__ It is believed that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge|'''Stone Henge'''] would have been set out using ropes and pegs and..."

DT Online: Created page with "right TOC It is believed that [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge|'''Stone Henge'''] would have been set out using ropes and pegs and..."