Planes - Revision history

DT Online: Added Template

2016-08-19T16:00:22Z

Added Template

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 19 August 2016
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			[[File:19th century knowledge woodworking adjustable wooden plane.jpg\|right\|500px\|link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19th_century_knowledge_woodworking_adjustable_wooden_plane.jpg\|19th century knowledge woodworking adjustable wooden plane]]
			__TOC__


			=====Description=====

	The common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_%28tool%29 '''Bench Plane'''] has three main purposes in the workshop:		The common [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_%28tool%29 '''Bench Plane'''] has three main purposes in the workshop:
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	In addition, various specialist planes are used to create [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groove_%28joinery%29 '''Grooves'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbet '''Rebates'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molding_%28decorative%29 '''Moulding'''], '''Beading''' and '''Fluting'''.		In addition, various specialist planes are used to create [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groove_%28joinery%29 '''Grooves'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbet '''Rebates'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molding_%28decorative%29 '''Moulding'''], '''Beading''' and '''Fluting'''.


			=====Features and Applications=====

	Plane blades, or '''‘Plane Irons’''', of all types are generally ground to an angle of 20-25 degrees and then '''‘Honed’''' with an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpening_stone '''Oilstone'''] to a slightly steeper angle of 25-30 degrees to create a sharp cutting edge.		Plane blades, or '''‘Plane Irons’''', of all types are generally ground to an angle of 20-25 degrees and then '''‘Honed’''' with an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpening_stone '''Oilstone'''] to a slightly steeper angle of 25-30 degrees to create a sharp cutting edge.


	Blades of '''Bench Planes''' are set at approximately 45 degrees to the '''‘sole’''' of the plane and have a '''Cap Iron''' set slightly back from the cutting edge to break the shavings as material is removed. More specialist planes tend not to have a '''Cap Iron''' and are set at a shallower angle to the '''‘sole’'''.		Blades of '''Bench Planes''' are set at approximately 45 degrees to the '''‘sole’''' of the plane and have a '''Cap Iron''' set slightly back from the cutting edge to break the shavings as material is removed. More specialist planes tend not to have a '''Cap Iron''' and are set at a shallower angle to the '''‘sole’'''.\|


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	~~__TOC__~~


	=====Bench Planes=====		=====Bench Planes=====
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	=====~~<span style="color: blue">~~Activity~~</span>~~=====		=====Activity=====
	[[File:Merchant-adventurers.jpg\|400px\|right]]		[[File:Merchant-adventurers.jpg\|400px\|right]]
	<span style="color: blue">		<span style="color: blue">
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			{{Planes Buyers Guide}}

	[[Category:Cutting Tools]]		[[Category:Cutting Tools]]

DT Online: Corrected Link

2016-02-21T19:38:08Z

Corrected Link

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:38, 21 February 2016
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	In modern working practice, much of the work of all the planes listed below is now achieved using a '''[[Router\|Portable Router]]''', '''[[Planer\|Portable Planer]]''' and '''[[Portable Sanders\|Portable Sander]]''' ''(but for best quality work, planing and scraping may still be preferred because they produce a cleaner surface than sanding since the wood pores are not clogged with dust)''.		In modern working practice, much of the work of all the planes listed below is now achieved using a '''[[Router\|Portable Router]]''', '''[[Electric Hand Planer\|Portable Planer]]''' and '''[[Portable Sanders\|Portable Sander]]''' ''(but for best quality work, planing and scraping may still be preferred because they produce a cleaner surface than sanding since the wood pores are not clogged with dust)''.

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DT Online: Added links

2016-02-08T08:55:37Z

Added links

DT Online at 17:28, 12 October 2015

2015-10-12T17:28:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:28, 12 October 2015
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	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothing_plane '''Smoothing Plane''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothing_plane '''Smoothing Plane''']
	\| The main purpose of this shorter plane, around 225mm long, is to create a smooth surface rather than straighten any edges. Planing tends to produce a superior finished surface to sanding.		\| The main purpose of this shorter plane, around 225mm long, is to create a smooth surface rather than straighten any edges. Planing tends to produce a superior finished surface to sanding.
	\| [[File:SmoothingPlane2.png\|~~200px~~\|right]]		\| [[File:SmoothingPlane2.png\|175px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointer_plane '''Fore and Jointer Planes'''] ''(aka '''Try Plane''')''		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointer_plane '''Fore and Jointer Planes'''] ''(aka '''Try Plane''')''
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	\| These have two blades set at very shallow angles and are used to work the edges of grooves, housings or shoulders for example.		\| These have two blades set at very shallow angles and are used to work the edges of grooves, housings or shoulders for example.

	\| [[File:SideRebate2.png\|~~200px~~\|right]]		\| [[File:SideRebate2.png\|150px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Compass Plane'''		\| '''Compass Plane'''

DT Online at 17:25, 11 October 2015

2015-10-11T17:25:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:25, 11 October 2015
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	In modern working practice, much of the work of all the planes listed below is now achieved using a '''[[Router\|Portable Router]]''', '''[[Planer\|Portable Planer]]''' and '''[[~~Sander~~\|Portable Sander]]''' ''(but for best quality work, planing and scraping may still be preferred because they produce a cleaner surface than sanding since the wood pores are not clogged with dust)''.		In modern working practice, much of the work of all the planes listed below is now achieved using a '''[[Router\|Portable Router]]''', '''[[Planer\|Portable Planer]]''' and '''[[Portable Sanders\|Portable Sander]]''' ''(but for best quality work, planing and scraping may still be preferred because they produce a cleaner surface than sanding since the wood pores are not clogged with dust)''.

	----		----

DT Online at 17:20, 11 October 2015

2015-10-11T17:20:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:20, 11 October 2015
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	\| [[File:SmoothingPlane2.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:SmoothingPlane2.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointer_plane '''Fore and Jointer Planes''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointer_plane '''Fore and Jointer Planes'''] ''(aka '''Try Plane''')''
	\| The main pupose of these longer planes is to produce a straight edge which they are able to do because of their long '''‘sole’''' - a '''Jointer Plane''' can be as much as 600mm long.		\| The main pupose of these longer planes is to produce a straight edge which they are able to do because of their long '''‘sole’''' - a '''Jointer Plane''' can be as much as 600mm long.
	\| [[File:JointerPlane.png\|250px\|right]]		\| [[File:JointerPlane.png\|250px\|right]]

DT Online at 17:14, 11 October 2015

2015-10-11T17:14:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:14, 11 October 2015
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	Plane blades, or '''‘Plane Irons’''', of all types are generally ground to an angle of 20-25 degrees and then '''‘Honed’''' to a slightly steeper angle of 25-30 degrees to create a sharp cutting edge.		Plane blades, or '''‘Plane Irons’''', of all types are generally ground to an angle of 20-25 degrees and then '''‘Honed’''' with an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpening_stone '''Oilstone'''] to a slightly steeper angle of 25-30 degrees to create a sharp cutting edge.


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	In modern working practice, much of the work of all the planes listed below is now achieved using a '''[[Router\|Portable Router]]''' or '''[[Planer\|Portable Planer]]'''.		In modern working practice, much of the work of all the planes listed below is now achieved using a '''[[Router\|Portable Router]]''', '''[[Planer\|Portable Planer]]''' and '''[[Sander\|Portable Sander]]''' ''(but for best quality work, planing and scraping may still be preferred because they produce a cleaner surface than sanding since the wood pores are not clogged with dust)''.

	----		----

DT Online at 17:03, 11 October 2015

2015-10-11T17:03:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:03, 11 October 2015
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	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_plane '''Jack Plane''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_plane '''Jack Plane''']
	\| This is the general purpose bench plane, around 350mm long, used for finished sizing and preparation of timber sections		\| This is the general purpose bench plane, around 350mm long, used for finished sizing and preparation of timber sections.
	\| [[File:JackPlane.png\|250px\|right]]		\| [[File:JackPlane.png\|250px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
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	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_plane '''Router Plane''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_plane '''Router Plane''']
	\| Historically also known as a '''''Witch's Tooth''''' these single bladed planes are used for raking out the loose material after sawing across the edges of a '''[[Housing Joint]]''' for example. A '''Housing''' can be regarded as a groove across the grain and is also known as a '''Trench''' or '''Dado'''.		\| Historically also known as a '''''Witch's Tooth''''' these single bladed planes are used for raking out the loose material after sawing across the edges of a '''[[Housing Joint]]''' for example. A '''Housing''' can be regarded as a groove across the grain and is also known as a '''Trench''' or '''Dado'''.
	\| [[File:UsingRouter.png\|~~250px~~\|right]]		\| [[File:UsingRouter.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Side Rebate Plane'''		\| '''Side Rebate Plane'''
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	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_scraper '''Cabinet Scrapers''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_scraper '''Cabinet Scrapers''']
	\| Most commonly rectangular, about the size of a postcard, but available also in various shapes, these are made from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_steel high carbon steel] and used to remove very small shavings as part of the finishing process. Scraping produces a cleaner surface than sanding since the wood pores are not clogged with dust. There is a skill to sharpening them and some woodworkers make their own from old handsaw blades.		\| Most commonly rectangular, about the size of a postcard, but available also in various shapes, these are made from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_steel high carbon steel] and used to remove very small shavings as part of the finishing process. Scraping produces a cleaner surface than sanding since the wood pores are not clogged with dust. There is a skill to sharpening them and some woodworkers make their own from old handsaw blades.
	\| [[File:CabinetScrapers.png\|~~250px~~\|right]]		\| [[File:CabinetScrapers.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratch_stock '''Scratch Stock''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratch_stock '''Scratch Stock''']
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	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe '''Axe''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe '''Axe''']
	\| Traditionally used for splitting wood along its grain, the '''Axe''' head is sharpened from both sides to create a narrow wedge which, as one of the '''[[Basic Machines]]''', is able to generate a considerable side force or splitting action from each blow as a result of its '''[[Mechanical Advantage]]'''		\| Traditionally used for splitting wood along its grain, the '''Axe''' head is sharpened from both sides to create a narrow wedge which, as one of the '''[[Basic Machines]]''', is able to generate a considerable side force or splitting action from each blow as a result of its '''[[Mechanical Advantage]].'''
	\| [[File:Axe.png\|250px\|right]]		\| [[File:Axe.png\|250px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
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	----		----
	<span style="color: green">'''Note:'''		<span style="color: green">'''Note:'''
	Some traditional processes such as the use of a '''Draw Knife''' or '''Adze''' are more easily carried out on freshly felled, or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_wood '''‘green’'''] timber ''(i.e. timber which has not yet been [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_drying '''seasoned'''])''		Some traditional processes such as the use of a '''Draw Knife''' or '''Adze''' are more easily carried out on freshly felled, or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_wood '''‘green’'''] timber ''(i.e. timber which has not yet been [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_drying '''seasoned''']).''
	</span>		</span>
	----		----

	----		----
	=====Activity=====		=====<span style="color: blue">Activity</span>=====
	[[File:Merchant-adventurers.jpg\|400px\|right]]		[[File:Merchant-adventurers.jpg\|400px\|right]]
	<span style="color: blue">		<span style="color: blue">
	Visit a medieval building in your locality and take note of any large beams holding up a ceiling or floor above ''(e.g. [http://www.theyorkcompany.co.uk/virtual_tour/index.php '''The Undercroft''' of '''The Merchant Adventurers' Hall''' in York])''. Quite often these will be wider than they are deep, or at least square. Why is this when our common experience of bending a ruler held first flat and then ‘edge on’ tells us that beams are stiffer if they are deeper than they are wide?</span>		Visit a medieval building in your locality and take note of any large beams holding up a ceiling or floor above ''(e.g. [http://www.theyorkcompany.co.uk/virtual_tour/index.php '''The Undercroft''' of '''The Merchant Adventurers' Hall''' in York])''. Quite often these will be wider than they are deep, or at least square. Why is this when our common experience of bending a ruler held first flat and then ‘edge on’ tells us that beams are stiffer if they are deeper than they are wide?</span>


	<span style="color: blue">		<span style="color: blue">
	How might such large beams have been produced? Perhaps the easiest way would be to select a straight tree trunk then, whilst freshly felled, ‘cleave’ it down its centre producing two semi-circular cross sections. Dressing these with '''Axe''' and '''Adze''' would result in roughly rectangular (or square) baulks of timber but the ‘cleaved’ centre would probably be the flatest surface - and therefore the best one to present to the ceiling or floorboards.		How might such large beams have been produced? Perhaps the easiest way would be to select a straight tree trunk then, whilst freshly felled, ‘cleave’ it down its centre producing two semi-circular cross sections.</span>


			<span style="color: blue">Dressing these with '''Axe''' and '''Adze''' would result in roughly rectangular (or square) baulks of timber but the ‘cleaved’ centre would probably be the flatest surface - and therefore the best one to present to the ceiling or floorboards.</span>


	'''''Could this be the reason for over-sized, broader than deep beams in old buildings?'''''		<span style="color: blue">'''''Could this be the reason for over-sized, broader than deep beams in old buildings?'''''
	</span>		</span>
	----		----

DT Online at 16:11, 11 October 2015

2015-10-11T16:11:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:11, 11 October 2015
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	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe '''Axe''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe '''Axe''']
	\| Traditionally used for splitting wood along its grain, the ''Axe''' head is sharpened from both sides to create a narrow wedge which, as one of the '''[[Basic Machines]]''', is able to generate a considerable side force or splitting action from each blow as a result of its '''[[Mechanical Advantage]]'''		\| Traditionally used for splitting wood along its grain, the '''Axe''' head is sharpened from both sides to create a narrow wedge which, as one of the '''[[Basic Machines]]''', is able to generate a considerable side force or splitting action from each blow as a result of its '''[[Mechanical Advantage]]'''
	\| [[File:Axe.png\|250px\|right]]		\| [[File:Axe.png\|250px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-

DT Online at 15:23, 11 October 2015

2015-10-11T15:23:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:55, 8 February 2016
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	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_plane '''Block Plane''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_plane '''Block Plane''']
	\| These small planes can be held in one hand and have a blade set at a shallow angle to enable them to slice across end ~~grain~~ more easily. They are useful also for some finished shaping and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamfer '''chamfering'''] of small parts for example.		\| These small planes can be held in one hand and have a blade set at a shallow angle to enable them to slice across end [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_grain '''Grain'''] more easily. They are useful also for some finished shaping and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamfer '''chamfering'''] of small parts for example.
	\| [[File:BlockPlane.png\|150px\|right]]		\| [[File:BlockPlane.png\|150px\|right]]
	\|}		\|}
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	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebate_plane '''Rebate Plane'''] ''(aka '''Rabbet Plane''')''		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebate_plane '''Rebate Plane'''] ''(aka '''Rabbet Plane''')''
	\| The blades of all Rebate Planes protrude slightly from the side of the plane body to enable them to take shavings right up to the side of the '''Rebate''' - this can be imagined as a ''step'' along the length of a piece of timber. The plane is fitted with a depth stop and side fence to control the size of the finished '''Rebate'''. A '''Fillister Plane''' is very similar but with the addition of a small '''Spur''' to locate the rebate more accurately and to sever the wood fibres when cutting across the ~~grain~~.		\| The blades of all Rebate Planes protrude slightly from the side of the plane body to enable them to take shavings right up to the side of the '''Rebate''' - this can be imagined as a ''step'' along the length of a piece of timber. The plane is fitted with a depth stop and side fence to control the size of the finished '''Rebate'''. A '''Fillister Plane''' is very similar but with the addition of a small '''Spur''' to locate the rebate more accurately and to sever the wood fibres when cutting across the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_grain '''Grain'''].
	\| [[File:UsingRebate.png\|250px\|right]]		\| [[File:UsingRebate.png\|250px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_plane '''Router Plane''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router_plane '''Router Plane''']
	\| Historically also known as a '''''Witch's Tooth''''' these single bladed planes are used for raking out the loose material after sawing across the edges of a '''[[Housing Joint]]''' for example. A '''Housing''' can be regarded as a groove across the ~~grain~~ and is also known as a '''Trench''' or '''Dado'''.		\| Historically also known as a '''''Witch's Tooth''''' these single bladed planes are used for raking out the loose material after sawing across the edges of a '''[[Housing Joint]]''' for example. A '''Housing''' can be regarded as a groove across the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_grain '''Grain'''] and is also known as a '''Trench''' or '''Dado'''.
	\| [[File:UsingRouter.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:UsingRouter.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe '''Axe''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe '''Axe''']
	\| Traditionally used for splitting wood along its ~~grain~~, the '''Axe''' head is sharpened from both sides to create a narrow wedge which, as one of the '''[[Basic Machines]]''', is able to generate a considerable side force or splitting action from each blow as a result of its '''[[Mechanical Advantage]].'''		\| Traditionally used for splitting wood along its [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_grain '''Grain'''], the '''Axe''' head is sharpened from both sides to create a narrow wedge which, as one of the '''[[Basic Machines]]''', is able to generate a considerable side force or splitting action from each blow as a result of its '''[[Mechanical Advantage]].'''
	\| [[File:Axe.png\|250px\|right]]		\| [[File:Axe.png\|250px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:23, 11 October 2015
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	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointer_plane '''Fore and Jointer Planes''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointer_plane '''Fore and Jointer Planes''']
	\| The main pupose of these longer planes is to produce a straight edge which they are able to do because of their long ~~sole~~ - a '''Jointer Plane''' can be as much as 600mm long.		\| The main pupose of these longer planes is to produce a straight edge which they are able to do because of their long '''‘sole’''' - a '''Jointer Plane''' can be as much as 600mm long.
	\| [[File:JointerPlane.png\|250px\|right]]		\| [[File:JointerPlane.png\|250px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
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	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Bull-Nose Rebate Plane'''		\| '''Bull-Nose Rebate Plane'''
	\| These have their blades set very close to the front of the plane to enable them to work ~~right up~~ to the end of a stopped '''Rebate''' ''(i.e. one that does not continue right through to the end of the length of timber)''. Some have a completely removable front section to enable them to work to the very end of a stopped '''Rebate''' - these are sometimes known as '''Chisel Planes'''.		\| These have their blades set very close to the front of the plane to enable them to work close to the end of a stopped '''Rebate''' ''(i.e. one that does not continue right through to the end of the length of timber)''. Some have a completely removable front section to enable them to work to the very end of a stopped '''Rebate''' - these are sometimes known as '''Chisel Planes'''.
	\| [[File:BullnoseRebate.png\|150px\|right]]		\| [[File:BullnoseRebate.png\|150px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_plane '''Shoulder Rebate Plane''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder_plane '''Shoulder Rebate Plane''']
	\| A rebate plane with a blade set at a shallow angle and no fence or depth stop, these can be used for final trimming of an existing rebate or, more traditionally, to finish the shoulders of the tenon in a '''[[Mortise and Tenon Joint]]'''. Some designs are in three sections enabling them also to serve as a '''Bull-Nose Rebate Plane''' with a removable front section.		\| A rebate plane with a blade set at a shallow angle and no fence or depth stop, these can be used for final trimming of an existing rebate or, more traditionally, to finish the shoulders of the tenon in a '''[[Mortise and Tenon Joint]]'''. Some designs are in two or three sections enabling them also to serve as a '''Bull-Nose Rebate Plane''' with a removable front section.
	\| [[File:UsingShoulderPlanes.png\|250px\|right]]		\| [[File:UsingShoulderPlanes.png\|250px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
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	<span style="color: blue">		<span style="color: blue">
	How might such large beams have been produced? Perhaps the easiest way would be to select a straight tree trunk then, whilst freshly felled, ‘cleave’ it down its centre producing two semi-circular cross sections. Dressing these with '''Axe''' and '''Adze'' would result in roughly rectangular (or square) baulks of timber but the ‘cleaved’ centre would probably be the flatest surface - and therefore the best one to present to the ceiling or floorboards.		How might such large beams have been produced? Perhaps the easiest way would be to select a straight tree trunk then, whilst freshly felled, ‘cleave’ it down its centre producing two semi-circular cross sections. Dressing these with '''Axe''' and '''Adze''' would result in roughly rectangular (or square) baulks of timber but the ‘cleaved’ centre would probably be the flatest surface - and therefore the best one to present to the ceiling or floorboards.

	Could this be the reason for over-sized, broader than deep beams in old buildings?		'''''Could this be the reason for over-sized, broader than deep beams in old buildings?'''''
	</span>		</span>
	----		----