Silversmith's Hammer - Revision history

DT Online at 12:07, 11 May 2017

2017-05-11T12:07:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:07, 11 May 2017
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	Products are formed by hammering the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet into ~~or over~~ metal '''[[Doming Block\|Doming Blocks]]''' ~~and~~ '''[[~~Stake~~\|Stakes]]''' then finished by lightly hammering ~~over~~ the polished ~~surfaces~~ of ~~the~~ '''Stakes''' with over-lapping hammer strikes. This process is known as '''[[Planishing]]''' and serves not only to polish the surface but also '''[[Crystalline_Structures#Work_Hardening\|Work-Hardens]]''' the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet to give strength to the finished product.		Products are formed by hammering the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet into metal '''[[Doming Block\|Doming Blocks]]''' or over '''[[:Category:Stakes\|Stakes]]''' then finished by lightly hammering the metal as it is held on to the polished surface of a '''[[:Category:Stakes\|Stake]]''' with over-lapping hammer strikes. This process is known as '''[[Planishing]]''' and serves not only to polish the surface but also '''[[Crystalline_Structures#Work_Hardening\|Work-Hardens]]''' the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet to give strength to the finished product.


	'''[[Planishing]]''' can be taken literally to mean ‘''make plane''’ and its purpose is not to cover the surface with crude hammer marks. The general rule to achieve this is: ‘''round to flat and flat to round''’ when choosing which hammer head shape to apply to which surface of the '''[[Stake]]''' being used.		'''[[Planishing]]''' can be taken literally to mean ‘''make plane''’ and its purpose is not to cover the surface with crude hammer marks. The general rule to achieve this is: ‘''round to flat and flat to round''’ when choosing which hammer head shape to apply to which surface of the '''[[:Category:Stakes\|Stake]]''' being used.


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	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing '''Planishing Hammer''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing '''Planishing Hammer''']
	\| '''Planishing''' is a finishing process for beaten metalwork used by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmiths'''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppersmith '''Coppersmiths'''] to smooth out ''(or make ‘plane’)'' the surface imperfections left by metal forming processes. The metal is placed over the polished surface of a '''[[Stake]]''', chosen to be a close match to the required final contour, and rotated or moved along slowly as light hammer blows are repeatedly applied to its surface. '''[[Planishing]]''' Hammers have a flat face and a slightly convex face and the rule is: ''round to flat or flat to round'' when choosing which to use.		\| '''Planishing''' is a finishing process for beaten metalwork used by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmiths'''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppersmith '''Coppersmiths'''] to smooth out ''(or make ‘plane’)'' the surface imperfections left by metal forming processes. The metal is placed over the polished surface of a '''[[:Category:Stakes\|Stake]]''', chosen to be a close match to the required final contour, and rotated or moved along slowly as light hammer blows are repeatedly applied to its surface. '''[[Planishing]]''' Hammers have a flat face and a slightly convex face and the rule is: ''round to flat or flat to round'' when choosing which to use.
	\| [[File:PlanishingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:PlanishingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Collet Hammer'''		\| '''Collet Hammer'''
	\| These have faces which are slightly cylindrical, rather than domed or convex, and are used to ‘planish’ cylnders,rings or ‘collets’. Following the rule, ''round to flat or flat to round'', the hammer shaft is held parallel to the axis of a cylindrical '''[[Stake]]''' when '''[[Planishing]]''' a vase for example.		\| These have faces which are slightly cylindrical, rather than domed or convex, and are used to ‘planish’ cylnders,rings or ‘collets’. Following the rule, ''round to flat or flat to round'', the hammer shaft is held parallel to the axis of a cylindrical '''[[:Category:Stakes\|Stake]]''' when '''[[Planishing]]''' a vase for example.
	\| [[File:ColletHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:ColletHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Raising Hammer'''		\| '''Raising Hammer'''
	\| Although appearing similar to a '''Collet Hammer''', these are much sturdier and the head is slightly arced between its two faces. Discs of '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheets ''(e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver '''silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass '''brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''copper'''], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''gilding metal'''])'' are held at an angle against a '''[[Raising Stake]]''' and beaten down onto it to '''[[Raising\|raise]]''' it into a seamless bowl or goblet for example. The faces are slightly cylindrical but with well rounded edges to prevent their cutting into the soft metal sheet during the '''[[Raising]]''' process.		\| Although appearing similar to a '''Collet Hammer''', these are much sturdier and the head is slightly arced between its two faces. Discs of '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheets ''(e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver '''silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass '''brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''copper'''], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''gilding metal'''])'' are held at an angle against a '''[[:Category:Stakes\|Raising Stake]]''' and beaten down onto it to '''[[Raising\|raise]]''' it into a seamless bowl or goblet for example. The faces are slightly cylindrical but with well rounded edges to prevent their cutting into the soft metal sheet during the '''[[Raising]]''' process.
	\| [[File:RaisingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:RaisingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-

DT Online at 10:50, 20 April 2017

2017-04-20T10:50:09Z

DT Online at 07:17, 20 April 2017

2017-04-20T07:17:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:17, 20 April 2017
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	\|-		\|-
	\| [http://www.example.com '''Doming Hammer''']		\| [http://www.example.com '''Doming Hammer''']
	\| These may be used in the first stages of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_%28metalworking%29 '''‘Raising’'''] process to start off the hollow shape by beating the metal into a wooden former ''(or a '''[[Sandbag]]''')'' with a Doming Hammer.		\| These may be used in the first stages of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_%28metalworking%29 '''‘Raising’'''] process to start off the hollow shape by beating the metal into a wooden former ''(or a '''[[Sandbag]]''')'' with a '''Doming Hammer'''.
	\| [[File:DomingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:DomingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-

DT Online at 12:53, 19 April 2017

2017-04-19T12:53:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:53, 19 April 2017
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	Products are formed by hammering the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet into or over metal '''[[Doming Block\|Doming Blocks]]''' and '''[[Stake\|Stakes]]''' then finished by lightly hammering over the polished surfaces of the '''Stakes''' with over-lapping hammer strikes. This process is known as '''[[Planishing]]''' and serves not only to polish the surface but also ~~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening~~ '''Work-Hardens'''] the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet to give strength to the finished product.		Products are formed by hammering the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet into or over metal '''[[Doming Block\|Doming Blocks]]''' and '''[[Stake\|Stakes]]''' then finished by lightly hammering over the polished surfaces of the '''Stakes''' with over-lapping hammer strikes. This process is known as '''[[Planishing]]''' and serves not only to polish the surface but also '''[[Crystalline_Structures#Work_Hardening\|Work-Hardens]]''' the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet to give strength to the finished product.

DT Online at 12:47, 19 April 2017

2017-04-19T12:47:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:47, 19 April 2017
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	Products are formed by hammering the '''[[Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet into or over metal '''[[Doming Blocks]]''' and '''[[Stake\|Stakes]]''' then finished by lightly hammering over the polished surfaces of the '''Stakes''' with over-lapping hammer strikes. This process is known as '''[[Planishing]]''' and serves not only to polish the surface but also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening '''Work-Hardens'''] the '''[[Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet to give strength to the finished product.		Products are formed by hammering the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet into or over metal '''[[Doming Block\|Doming Blocks]]''' and '''[[Stake\|Stakes]]''' then finished by lightly hammering over the polished surfaces of the '''Stakes''' with over-lapping hammer strikes. This process is known as '''[[Planishing]]''' and serves not only to polish the surface but also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening '''Work-Hardens'''] the '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet to give strength to the finished product.


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	\|-		\|-
	\| [http://www.example.com '''Raising Hammer''']		\| [http://www.example.com '''Raising Hammer''']
	\| Although appearing similar to a '''Collet Hammer''', these are much sturdier and the head is slightly arced between its two faces. Discs of '''[[Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheets ''(e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver '''silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass '''brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''copper'''], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''gilding metal'''])'' are held at an angle against a '''[[Raising Stake]]''' and beaten down onto it to '''[[Raising\|raise]]''' it into a seamless bowl or goblet for example. The faces are slightly cylindrical but with well rounded edges to prevent their cutting into the soft metal sheet during the '''[[Raising]]''' process.		\| Although appearing similar to a '''Collet Hammer''', these are much sturdier and the head is slightly arced between its two faces. Discs of '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheets ''(e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver '''silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass '''brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''copper'''], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''gilding metal'''])'' are held at an angle against a '''[[Raising Stake]]''' and beaten down onto it to '''[[Raising\|raise]]''' it into a seamless bowl or goblet for example. The faces are slightly cylindrical but with well rounded edges to prevent their cutting into the soft metal sheet during the '''[[Raising]]''' process.
	\| [[File:RaisingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:RaisingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-

DT Online at 12:35, 19 April 2017

2017-04-19T12:35:30Z

DT Online at 11:01, 19 April 2017

2017-04-19T11:01:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:01, 19 April 2017
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	[[Category:Hammers]]		[[Category:Hammers]]
			[[Category:Beaten Metalwork]]

DT Online: Added Template

2016-05-15T11:26:56Z

Added Template

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 |}
-<div class="buyers-guide">
+{{Silversmiths Hammer Buyers Guide}}
 [[Category:Hammers]]

Phil: /* DT Online Buyers' Guide */

2016-05-14T15:55:17Z

DT Online Buyers' Guide

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:55, 14 May 2016
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	\|}		\|}

	~~=====~~<div class="buyers-guide">DT Online Buyers' Guide~~</div>~~=====		<div class="buyers-guide">
			=====DT Online Buyers' Guide=====
			</div>
	{\|		{\|
	\|-		\|-

DT Online at 14:04, 14 May 2016

2016-05-14T14:04:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 14 May 2016
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			[[File:SilversmithHammers.png\|500px\|right]]
			__TOC__

			=====Description=====
	[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmithing'''] involves forming and finishing metal sheet ''(usually [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver#Jewelry_and_silverware '''Silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_silver '''Nickel Silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppersmith '''Copper'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_and_brass_ornamental_work#Brass '''Brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_and_brass_ornamental_work#Brass '''Pewter'''] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''Gilding Metal'''])'' into hollow forms such as bowls, plates, goblets, vases and other similar decorative, ceremonial or household artefacts.		[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmithing'''] involves forming and finishing metal sheet ''(usually [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver#Jewelry_and_silverware '''Silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_silver '''Nickel Silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppersmith '''Copper'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_and_brass_ornamental_work#Brass '''Brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_and_brass_ornamental_work#Brass '''Pewter'''] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''Gilding Metal'''])'' into hollow forms such as bowls, plates, goblets, vases and other similar decorative, ceremonial or household artefacts.

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	[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planishing '''Planishing'''] can be taken literally to mean ‘''make plane''’ and its purpose is not to cover the surface with crude hammer marks. The general rule to achieve this is: ‘''round to flat and flat to round''’ when choosing which hammer head shape to apply to which surface of the '''Stake''' being used.		[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planishing '''Planishing'''] can be taken literally to mean ‘''make plane''’ and its purpose is not to cover the surface with crude hammer marks. The general rule to achieve this is: ‘''round to flat and flat to round''’ when choosing which hammer head shape to apply to which surface of the '''Stake''' being used.
	~~[[File:SilversmithHammers.png\|500px\|right]]~~


	~~__TOC__~~


	=====Uses=====		=====Features and Uses=====
	{\|		{\|
	\|-		\|-

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:50, 20 April 2017
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	\| [[File:PlanishingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:PlanishingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~[http://www.example.com~~ '''Collet Hammer''']		\| '''Collet Hammer'''
	\| These have faces which are slightly cylindrical, rather than domed or convex, and are used to ‘planish’ cylnders,rings or ‘collets’. Following the rule, ''round to flat or flat to round'', the hammer shaft is held parallel to the axis of a cylindrical '''[[Stake]]''' when '''[[Planishing]]''' a vase for example.		\| These have faces which are slightly cylindrical, rather than domed or convex, and are used to ‘planish’ cylnders,rings or ‘collets’. Following the rule, ''round to flat or flat to round'', the hammer shaft is held parallel to the axis of a cylindrical '''[[Stake]]''' when '''[[Planishing]]''' a vase for example.
	\| [[File:ColletHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:ColletHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~[http://www.example.com~~ '''Raising Hammer''']		\| '''Raising Hammer'''
	\| Although appearing similar to a '''Collet Hammer''', these are much sturdier and the head is slightly arced between its two faces. Discs of '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheets ''(e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver '''silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass '''brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''copper'''], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''gilding metal'''])'' are held at an angle against a '''[[Raising Stake]]''' and beaten down onto it to '''[[Raising\|raise]]''' it into a seamless bowl or goblet for example. The faces are slightly cylindrical but with well rounded edges to prevent their cutting into the soft metal sheet during the '''[[Raising]]''' process.		\| Although appearing similar to a '''Collet Hammer''', these are much sturdier and the head is slightly arced between its two faces. Discs of '''[[Heat_Treatment#Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheets ''(e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver '''silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass '''brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''copper'''], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''gilding metal'''])'' are held at an angle against a '''[[Raising Stake]]''' and beaten down onto it to '''[[Raising\|raise]]''' it into a seamless bowl or goblet for example. The faces are slightly cylindrical but with well rounded edges to prevent their cutting into the soft metal sheet during the '''[[Raising]]''' process.
	\| [[File:RaisingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:RaisingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~[http://www.example.com~~ '''Doming Hammer''']		\| '''Doming Hammer'''
	\| These may be used in the first stages of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_%28metalworking%29 '''‘Raising’'''] process to start off the hollow shape by beating the metal into a wooden former ''(or a '''[[Sandbag]]''')'' with a '''Doming Hammer'''.		\| These may be used in the first stages of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_%28metalworking%29 '''‘Raising’'''] process to start off the hollow shape by beating the metal into a wooden former ''(or a '''[[Sandbag]]''')'' with a '''Doming Hammer'''.
	\| [[File:DomingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:DomingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~[http://www.example.com~~ '''Blocking Hammer''']		\| '''Blocking Hammer'''
	\| These have one round and one square face and are used for forming and shaping metal. The round face can be used to form metal into a '''[[Hollowing Block]]''' and the flat face used to true flanges surrounding a shallow tray after '''[[Sinking]]''' for example. The '''Blocking Hammer''' may be used to round out or flatten the bottom of the vessel from the inside after '''[[Raising]]''' has been completed.		\| These have one round and one square face and are used for forming and shaping metal. The round face can be used to form metal into a '''[[Hollowing Block]]''' and the flat face used to true flanges surrounding a shallow tray after '''[[Sinking]]''' for example. The '''Blocking Hammer''' may be used to round out or flatten the bottom of the vessel from the inside after '''[[Raising]]''' has been completed.
	\| [[File:BlockingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:BlockingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:35, 19 April 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:SilversmithHammers.png\|500px\|right]]		[[File:SilversmithHammers.png\|500px\|right]]
	__TOC__		__TOC__


	=====Description=====		=====Description=====

	[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmithing'''] involves forming and finishing metal sheet ''(usually [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver#Jewelry_and_silverware '''Silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_silver '''Nickel Silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppersmith '''Copper'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_and_brass_ornamental_work#Brass '''Brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_and_brass_ornamental_work#Brass '''Pewter'''] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''Gilding Metal'''])'' into hollow forms such as bowls, plates, goblets, vases and other similar decorative, ceremonial or household artefacts.		[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmithing'''] involves forming and finishing metal sheet ''(usually [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver#Jewelry_and_silverware '''Silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_silver '''Nickel Silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppersmith '''Copper'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_and_brass_ornamental_work#Brass '''Brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_and_brass_ornamental_work#Brass '''Pewter'''] or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''Gilding Metal'''])'' into hollow forms such as bowls, plates, goblets, vases and other similar decorative, ceremonial or household artefacts.

	Products are formed by hammering the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_%28metallurgy%29 '''Annealed'''] metal sheet into or over metal '''Doming Blocks''' and '''Stakes''' then finished by lightly hammering over the polished surfaces of the '''Stakes''' with over-lapping hammer strikes. This process is known as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planishing '''Planishing'''] and serves not only to polish the surface but also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening '''Work-Hardens'''] the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_%28metallurgy%29 '''Annealed'''] metal sheet to give strength to the finished product.

	[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/~~Planishing~~ '''Planishing'''] can be taken literally to mean ‘''make plane''’ and its purpose is not to cover the surface with crude hammer marks. The general rule to achieve this is: ‘''round to flat and flat to round''’ when choosing which hammer head shape to apply to which surface of the '''Stake''' being used.		Products are formed by hammering the '''[[Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet into or over metal '''[[Doming Blocks]]''' and '''[[Stake\|Stakes]]''' then finished by lightly hammering over the polished surfaces of the '''Stakes''' with over-lapping hammer strikes. This process is known as '''[[Planishing]]''' and serves not only to polish the surface but also [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_hardening '''Work-Hardens'''] the '''[[Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheet to give strength to the finished product.


			'''[[Planishing]]''' can be taken literally to mean ‘''make plane''’ and its purpose is not to cover the surface with crude hammer marks. The general rule to achieve this is: ‘''round to flat and flat to round''’ when choosing which hammer head shape to apply to which surface of the '''[[Stake]]''' being used.


	=====Features and Uses=====		=====Features and Uses=====


	{\|		{\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing '''Planishing Hammer''']		\| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing '''Planishing Hammer''']
	\| '''Planishing''' is a finishing process for beaten metalwork used by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmiths'''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppersmith '''Coppersmiths'''] to smooth out ''(or make ‘plane’)'' the surface imperfections left by metal forming processes. The metal is placed over the polished surface of a '''[[~~Beaten Metalwork\|~~Stake]]''', chosen to be a close match to the required final contour, and rotated or moved along slowly as light hammer blows are repeatedly applied to its surface. Planishing Hammers have a flat face and a slightly convex face and the rule is: ''round to flat or flat to round'' when choosing which to use.		\| '''Planishing''' is a finishing process for beaten metalwork used by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith '''Silversmiths'''] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppersmith '''Coppersmiths'''] to smooth out ''(or make ‘plane’)'' the surface imperfections left by metal forming processes. The metal is placed over the polished surface of a '''[[Stake]]''', chosen to be a close match to the required final contour, and rotated or moved along slowly as light hammer blows are repeatedly applied to its surface. '''[[Planishing]]''' Hammers have a flat face and a slightly convex face and the rule is: ''round to flat or flat to round'' when choosing which to use.
	\| [[File:PlanishingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:PlanishingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [http://www.example.com '''Collet Hammer''']		\| [http://www.example.com '''Collet Hammer''']
	\| These have faces which are slightly cylindrical, rather than domed or convex, and are used to ‘planish’ cylnders,rings or ‘collets’. Following the rule, ''round to flat or flat to round'', the hammer shaft is held parallel to the axis of a cylindrical '''[[~~Beaten Metalwork\|~~Stake]]''' when ~~planishing~~ a vase for example.		\| These have faces which are slightly cylindrical, rather than domed or convex, and are used to ‘planish’ cylnders,rings or ‘collets’. Following the rule, ''round to flat or flat to round'', the hammer shaft is held parallel to the axis of a cylindrical '''[[Stake]]''' when '''[[Planishing]]''' a vase for example.
	\| [[File:ColletHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:ColletHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [http://www.example.com '''Raising Hammer''']		\| [http://www.example.com '''Raising Hammer''']
	\| Although appearing similar to a '''Collet Hammer''', these are much sturdier and the head is slightly arced between its two faces. Discs of ~~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_%28metallurgy%29~~ '''Annealed'''] metal sheets ''(e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver '''silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass '''brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''copper'''], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''gilding metal'''])'' are held at an angle against a '''[[~~Beaten Metalwork\|~~Raising Stake]]''' and beaten down onto it to ~~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_%28metalworking%29~~ '''~~‘raise’~~'''] it into a seamless bowl or goblet for example. The faces are slightly cylindrical but with well rounded edges to prevent their cutting into the soft metal sheet during the ~~[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_%28metalworking%29~~ '''~~‘Raising’~~'''] process.		\| Although appearing similar to a '''Collet Hammer''', these are much sturdier and the head is slightly arced between its two faces. Discs of '''[[Annealing\|Annealed]]''' metal sheets ''(e.g. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver '''silver'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass '''brass'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper '''copper'''], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilding_metal '''gilding metal'''])'' are held at an angle against a '''[[Raising Stake]]''' and beaten down onto it to '''[[Raising\|raise]]''' it into a seamless bowl or goblet for example. The faces are slightly cylindrical but with well rounded edges to prevent their cutting into the soft metal sheet during the '''[[Raising]]''' process.
	\| [[File:RaisingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:RaisingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [http://www.example.com '''Doming Hammer''']		\| [http://www.example.com '''Doming Hammer''']
	\| These may be used in the first stages of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_%28metalworking%29 '''‘Raising’'''] process to start off the hollow shape by beating the metal into a wooden former ''(or a '''[[~~Beaten Metalwork\|~~Sandbag]]''')'' with a Doming Hammer.		\| These may be used in the first stages of a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_%28metalworking%29 '''‘Raising’'''] process to start off the hollow shape by beating the metal into a wooden former ''(or a '''[[Sandbag]]''')'' with a Doming Hammer.
	\| [[File:DomingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:DomingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [http://www.example.com '''Blocking Hammer''']		\| [http://www.example.com '''Blocking Hammer''']
	\| These have one round and one square face and are used for forming and shaping metal. ~~After~~ [~~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_%28metalworking%29~~ '''~~‘Raising’~~'''] ~~has been completed, the~~ Blocking Hammer may be used to round out or flatten the bottom of the vessel from the inside.		\| These have one round and one square face and are used for forming and shaping metal. The round face can be used to form metal into a '''[[Hollowing Block]]''' and the flat face used to true flanges surrounding a shallow tray after '''[[Sinking]]''' for example. The '''Blocking Hammer''' may be used to round out or flatten the bottom of the vessel from the inside after '''[[Raising]]''' has been completed.
	\| [[File:BlockingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]		\| [[File:BlockingHammer.png\|200px\|right]]
	\|}		\|}


	{{Silversmiths Hammer Buyers Guide}}		{{Silversmiths Hammer Buyers Guide}}


	[[Category:Hammers]]		[[Category:Hammers]]
	[[Category:Beaten Metalwork]]		[[Category:Beaten Metalwork]]