Wind Load - Revision history

DT Online at 13:05, 4 November 2018

2018-11-04T13:05:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:05, 4 November 2018
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	* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_of_air '''Density of Air'''] can be taken to be about 1.25 kg/m<sup>3</sup>.		* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_of_air '''Density of Air'''] can be taken to be about 1.25 kg/m<sup>3</sup>.
	* The shape factor ''(or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_coefficient '''Drag Coefficient'''])'' has no units and is dependent upon the shape, size, and roughness of an object but can be assumed to be 1 initially ''(i.e. for small, smooth, rounded objects less and large, rough faced, flat objects more)''.		* The shape factor ''(or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_coefficient '''Drag Coefficient'''])'' has no units and is dependent upon the shape, size, and roughness of an object but can be assumed to be 1 initially ''(i.e. for small, smooth, rounded objects less and large, rough faced, flat objects more e.g. a cylinder or sphere would more closely approximate a factor of 0.5)''.
	* The wind speed must be expressed in metres per second ''(m/s)'' and can be obtained from measurement or looked up in tables or on charts as shown ''(a more thorough analysis would also take into account modifiers such as altitude, temperature, terrain, gusts and site conditions for example)''		* The wind speed must be expressed in metres per second ''(m/s)'' and can be obtained from measurement or looked up in tables or on charts as shown ''(a more thorough analysis would also take into account modifiers such as altitude, temperature, terrain, gusts and site conditions for example)''
	* '''Wind Pressure''' has units of '''Newtons per square metre ''(N/m<sup>2</sup>)'''''.		* '''Wind Pressure''' has units of '''Newtons per square metre ''(N/m<sup>2</sup>)'''''.
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	[[File:ShedWindLoad.png\|400px\|right]]		[[File:ShedWindLoad.png\|400px\|right]]

DT Online at 07:38, 21 July 2017

2017-07-21T07:38:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:38, 21 July 2017
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	Buildings, trees, flagpoles and signs etc. are all subjected to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] acting as a result of the wind blowing against them. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering '''Wind Engineering'''] to calculate the size of these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] can be complex, as a result of taking into account the shape and orientation of the building, the materials it is made from and variations in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed '''Wind Speed'''] as a result of location and height for example ''(ref: [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030206733 '''BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures. General actions. Wind actions ''']).		Buildings, trees, flagpoles and signs etc. are all subjected to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] acting as a result of the wind blowing against them. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering '''Wind Engineering'''] to calculate the size of these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] can be complex as a result of taking into account: the shape and orientation of the building; the materials it is made from; and variations in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed '''Wind Speed'''] as a result of location and height for example ''(ref: [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030206733 '''BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures. General actions. Wind actions ''']).

DT Online at 07:43, 29 October 2016

2016-10-29T07:43:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:43, 29 October 2016
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	Buildings, trees, flagpoles and signs etc. are all subjected to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] acting as a result of the wind blowing against them. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering '''Wind Engineering'''] to calculate the size of these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] can be complex, as a result of taking into account the shape and orientation of the building, the materials it is made from and variations in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed '''Wind Speed'''] as a result of location and height for example ''(ref: [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030206733 '''BS ~~6399~~-2:~~1997 Loading for buildings~~. ~~Code of practice for wind loads~~''']).		Buildings, trees, flagpoles and signs etc. are all subjected to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] acting as a result of the wind blowing against them. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering '''Wind Engineering'''] to calculate the size of these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] can be complex, as a result of taking into account the shape and orientation of the building, the materials it is made from and variations in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed '''Wind Speed'''] as a result of location and height for example ''(ref: [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030206733 '''BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 Eurocode 1. Actions on structures. General actions. Wind actions ''']).

DT Online at 07:42, 29 October 2016

2016-10-29T07:42:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:42, 29 October 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Buildings, trees, flagpoles and signs etc. are all subjected to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] acting as a result of the wind blowing against them. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering '''Wind Engineering'''] to calculate the size of these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] can be complex, as a result of taking into account the shape and orientation of the building, the materials it is made from and variations in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed '''Wind Speed'''] as a result of location and height for example ''(ref: [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=~~000000000030040684~~ '''BS 6399-2:1997 Loading for buildings. Code of practice for wind loads''']).		Buildings, trees, flagpoles and signs etc. are all subjected to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] acting as a result of the wind blowing against them. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering '''Wind Engineering'''] to calculate the size of these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] can be complex, as a result of taking into account the shape and orientation of the building, the materials it is made from and variations in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed '''Wind Speed'''] as a result of location and height for example ''(ref: [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030206733 '''BS 6399-2:1997 Loading for buildings. Code of practice for wind loads''']).

DT Online: Created article

2016-09-11T15:24:35Z

Created article

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Buildings, trees, flagpoles and signs etc. are all subjected to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] acting as a result of the wind blowing against them. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_engineering '''Wind Engineering'''] to calculate the size of these [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force '''Forces'''] can be complex, as a result of taking into account the shape and orientation of the building, the materials it is made from and variations in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed '''Wind Speed'''] as a result of location and height for example ''(ref: [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030040684 '''BS 6399-2:1997 Loading for buildings. Code of practice for wind loads''']).

[[File:UK Wind Map.gif|400px|right|UK Wind Map]]
An estimate of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale '''Wind Force'''] or the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure '''Pressure'''] exerted by the wind, adequate for '''[[Design and Technology]]''' projects, can be made more easily by disregarding many of the modifying variables as follows:

<big>'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure Pressure] = <big>½</big> x ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_of_air Density of Air]) x ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed Wind Speed])2 x ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_coefficient Shape Factor])'''</big>

* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_of_air '''Density of Air'''] can be taken to be about 1.25 kg/m3.
* The shape factor ''(or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_coefficient '''Drag Coefficient'''])'' has no units and is dependent upon the shape, size, and roughness of an object but can be assumed to be 1 initially ''(i.e. for small, smooth, rounded objects less and large, rough faced, flat objects more)''.
* The wind speed must be expressed in metres per second ''(m/s)'' and can be obtained from measurement or looked up in tables or on charts as shown ''(a more thorough analysis would also take into account modifiers such as altitude, temperature, terrain, gusts and site conditions for example)''
* '''Wind Pressure''' has units of '''Newtons per square metre ''(N/m2)'''''.

[[File:ShedWindLoad.png|400px|right]]
The '''Wind Loading''' for a particular object can be estimated as:

<big>'''Wind Loading = Wind Pressure (N/m2) x Projected Area(m2)'''</big>

* The '''Projected Area''' is the surface area as seen from the direction of the wind ''(i.e. imagine as an '''Elevation''' from the wind's point of view - for a sloping roof this would be its ridge height x width and for a cylindrical mast its diameter x height)''.
* More thorough analyses would also take into account modifiers such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio '''Aspect Ratio'''] of the object and may include an '''Importance Factor''' ''(i.e. how critical would a failure or collapse be)''.
* The '''Wind Loading''' is given in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_(unit) '''Newtons'''].

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'''Note:'''
When designing '''[[:Category:Frames|Roof Trusses]]''' for example, The '''Wind Load''' can be combined with the '''[[Dead Load]]''' and a '''[[Force Diagrams|Resultant]]''' obtained using a '''[[Force Diagrams|Parallelogram of Forces]]'''

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[[Category:Terminology]]