Category:Sundials

Introduction

Sundials (aka Shadow Clocks) are perhaps the oldest known scientific instrument. The sun's shadow cast by any object, and especially a tall tree or a stick in the ground, would from the earliest times have illustrated the apparent movement of the Sun around the Earth (‘apparent’ because as we have known at least since the days of Copernicus that it is the Earth that moves around the Sun)

The Ancient Egyptians erected tall Obelisks, often in pairs, at the entrance to temples, It is believed they were erected to celebrate their Sun God Ra and the tops of some were covered in Electrum which would certainly reflect the Sun's rays . They may have indicated key points of the day (e.g. sunrise, sunset, noon) and of the year (e.g. the summer or winter Solstice) but it was the Romans who developed the idea of Sundials (e.g. an Obelisk originally erected at Heliopolis in the seventh century B.C. was brought to Rome in 10 B.C. by Augustus and set up in the Campus Martius where it was used as the Gnomon (or ‘needle’) of the Horologium, a great sundial and calendar. It was transferred to Rome in 37 AD and finally erected in St Peter's Square, Rome in 1586, where it remains to this day)